# chemistry word problem

If I want to list elements I separate two names with "and", for example, sodium and oxygen. An arrow is used to show the direction of the reaction: →. Watch the recordings here on Youtube! For lunch I had a sandwich. Dimensional analysis is amongst the most valuable tools that physical scientists use. (b) What is the volume of 3.28 g gaseous hydrogen (density = 0.089 g/L)? Because m, the abbreviation for meters, occurs in both the numerator and the denominator of our expression, they cancel out: $\dfrac{3.55 \; \cancel{\rm{m}}}{ 1} \times \dfrac{100 \; \rm{cm}}{1 \; \cancel{\rm{m}}}$. For example, water is a compound, ammonia is a compound, ethanol is a compound. After paying for 3 cards and some stamps, he had \$3 left. The average volume of blood in an adult male is 4.7 L. What is this volume in milliliters? Dimensional analysis (unit conversions) involves the use of conversion factors that will cancel unwanted units and produce the appropriate units. The COVID-19 pandemic and the future. Today I drank a can of cola with my sandwich for lunch. Equally it tells us that if we were to eat some iron then when that iron reaches our stomach which contains hydrochloric acid, a chemical reaction would occur in which iron chloride and hydrogen would be produced. You may be wondering why we use a seemingly complicated procedure for a straightforward conversion. The reactant is the substance we start with, the substance that is present before the chemical reaction starts. But products MUST be written to the right of the arrow (→). Any fraction that has the same quantity in the numerator and the denominator has a value of 1: $\dfrac{ \text{100 cm}}{\text{1 m}} = \dfrac{ \text{1000 mm}}{\text{1 m}}= \dfrac{ 1\times 10^6 \mu \text{m}}{\text{1 m}}= 1$. Indigestion is caused by an increase in the acid level of my stomach. The bread in the sandwich contains starch. As an instructor is preparing for an experiment, he requires 225 g phosphoric acid. A conversion factor is a factor used to convert one unit of measurement into another. In the previous example, we used the fraction $$\frac{100 \; \rm{cm}}{1 \; \rm{m}}$$ as a conversion factor. Legal. The new substances that are produced are called products. The LibreTexts libraries are Powered by MindTouch® and are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. Write the conversion factors (as ratios) for the number of: The label on a soft drink bottle gives the volume in two units: 2.0 L and 67.6 fl oz. For instance, you already know that 12 eggs equal 1 dozen. Paul Flowers (University of North Carolina - Pembroke), Klaus Theopold (University of Delaware) and Richard Langley (Stephen F. Austin State University) with contributing authors. or, $$4.7 \cancel{\rm{L}} \times \dfrac{1,000 \; \rm{mL}}{1\; \cancel{\rm{L}}} = 4,700\; \rm{mL}$$, $$18 \; \cancel{\rm{ms}} \times \dfrac{10^{-3}\; \rm{s}}{1 \; \cancel{\rm{ms}}} = 0.018\; \rm{s}$$, $$18 \; \cancel{\rm{ms}} \times \dfrac{1\; \rm{s}}{1,000 \; \cancel{\rm{ms}}} = 0.018\; \rm{s}$$. What are the reactants in this chemical reaction? PROBLEM $$\PageIndex{12}$$ Many chemistry conferences have held a 50-Trillion Angstrom (Å) Run. The names of other non-metals end in "en", for example, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen. If you learned the SI units and prefixes described, then you know that 1 cm is 1/100th of a meter. General Steps in Performing Dimensional Analysis. A hummingbird can flap its wings once in 18 ms. How many seconds are in 18 ms? (using the StoPGoPS approach to problem solving), (a) Name of the reactants: sodium and water, (b) Name of the products: hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. I can neutralise some of the excess hydrochloric acid by taking an indigestion tablet. Simply put, it is the conversion between an amount in one unit to the corresponding amount in a desired unit using various conversion factors. Legal. As I continue to chew my sandwich I can taste the sweetness of these sugars as they are produced. Why did we not use that conversion factor? Show Step-by-step Solutions Make the conversion indicated in each of the following: (a) the men's world record long jump, 29 ft 4.5 in, to meters, (b) the greatest depth of the ocean, about 6.5 mi, to kilometers, (c) the area of an 8.5 by 11 inch sheet of paper in cm2, (d) The displacement volume of an automobile engine, 161 in3, to L, (e) the estimated mass of the atmosphere, 5.6 x 1015 tons, to kilograms (1 ton = 2000 lbs), (f) the mass of a bushel of rye, 32.0 lb, to kilograms, (g) the mass of a 5.00 grain aspirin tablet to milligrams (1 grain = 0.00229 oz), Many chemistry conferences have held a 50-Trillion Angstrom (Å) Run. In contrast, conversion factors that come from measurements (such as density, as we will see shortly) or that are approximations have a limited number of significant figures and should be considered in determining the significant figures of the final answer. (d) What is the mass of 125 mL gaseous chlorine (density = 3.16 g/L)? Have questions or comments? It was only after finishing my lunch and experiencing the discomfort of indigestion that I remembered why I never drink fizzy drinks. For more information contact us at info@libretexts.org or check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. Counted numbers are also exact. But the names of some metals do not end in "ium", for example, iron, silver, gold, copper, zinc, lead, mercury, nickel. We know that 100 cm is 1 m, so we have the same quantity on the top and the bottom of our fraction, although it is expressed in different units. Some content on this page could not be displayed. The names of some non-metal elements end in "ine", for example, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine. If I add hydrochloric acid to iron, I produce iron chloride and hydrogen. Algebra skills become very important here! How many centimeters are there in 3.55 m? The names of lots of metal elements end in "ium", for example sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium (NOTE that helium is an exception because it is an element but it is a non-metal!). Perhaps you can determine the answer in your head. The product of a reaction is the substance that is formed, or produced, as a result of the chemical reaction taking place. Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. Is a 197-lb weight lifter light enough to compete in a class limited to those weighing 90 kg or less? We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. (2) What is the relationship between what you know and what you need to find out? The reactants are the substances that we start with which are the sulfuric acid which we add to the barium nitrate, so there are two reactants; sulfuric acid and barium nitrate. How many milliliters are in a 12 oz soda can? For this chemical reaction we have two substances to start with, that is, we have two reactants. Prepare a concept map and use the proper conversion factor. Have questions or comments? The bread in the sandwich contains starch. Yes, it does; it has the same quantity in the numerator as in the denominator (except that they are expressed in different units). Phosphorus and sulfur are also elements that are non-metals. If we had used the second conversion factor, the original unit would not have canceled, and the result would have been meaningless. A more complex fact is that the speed of light is $$1.86 \times 10^5$$ miles/$$\text{sec}$$. What are these specifications in cm and g? (a) What is the volume of 25 g of iodine (density = 4.93 g/cm3)? sodium + water → hydrogen + sodium hydroxide. Therefore the word equation we wrote states that Chris added some sodium to water and produced hydrogen and sodium hydroxide. Does the conversion factor $$\frac{1 \; \rm m}{100 \; \rm{cm}}$$ also equal 1? I want to write a word equation to describe the chemical reaction in which carbonic acid decomposes to produce carbon dioxide and water: So my word equation for the decomposition of carbonic acid in my cola drink is: There may be more than one reactant present in a chemical reaction. Textbook content produced by OpenStax College is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 license. Recent developments in chemistry written in language suitable for students. The only container readily available is a 150-mL Erlenmeyer flask. What is the diameter in centimeters? $$4.7 \cancel{\rm{L}} \times \dfrac{1 \; \rm{mL}}{10^{-3}\; \cancel{\rm{L}}} = 4,700\; \rm{mL}$$ If you can master the technique of applying conversion factors, you will be able to solve a large variety of problems. De-code the word equation you wrote to try to re-create Chris's demonstration. How to Solve Chemistry Word Problems . The diameter of a red blood cell is about 3 x 10-4 inches. I want to write a word equation to describe the chemical reaction in which hydrochloric acid reacts with calcium carbonate to produce calcium chloride, carbon dioxide and water: So my word equation for the reaction occurring between hydrochloric acid and calcium carbonate is: A word equation is a quick, short-hand way of telling us the name of the reactant(s) we need to use for the chemical reaction, and the names of the new substance(s), the product(s), that will be produced as a result of the chemical reaction.

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